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1. Key passageKey passage

   Revelation 14:9-11

   …that the warning addresses those who bear the mark of the beast rather than all the unrighteous. Whether the everlasting smoke marks a fire that never stops burning its victims, or a completed judgment whose memorial stands for…

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2. Case sectionS25Further Reasoning

   How “All in All” Fits After Final Judgment

   …If people remain who have wholly and permanently rejected God, in what sense is God all in them?…

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3. PageStart

   Start Here

   A short orientation: what conditional immortality claims, how it differs from eternal conscious torment and from universal reconciliation, and where to begin reading.

   Matched in summary.

4. Case sectionS08Biblical Language

   The Wicked Will Be Destroyed

   …Some defenders press the point further and describe the lost as being in a permanent condition of ruin, in which the destruction is an unending state rather than a completed act.…

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5. Key passageKey passage

   Matthew 7:13-14

   …Whether the destruction at the end of the broad road is a permanent condition of ruin that the person continues to undergo, or the ending of the person as a living being.…

   Matched in body text.

6. ObjectionS28Objection

   Are the Wicked Still Present After Revelation 20?

   …day and night forever and ever, and the traditional reading has a coherent shape: the lake of fire is a permanent condition rather than an event that ends, the second death names that condition, and Revelation 22:15 shows…

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7. Language noteLanguage note

   cherpah (חֶרְפָּה)

   Daniel 12:2 says that many who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to everlasting life and some to shame and everlasting contempt.…

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8. Case sectionRB2Roadblock

   Does the Image of God Make Humans Immortal?

   …The traditional argument, stated fairly Many defenders of eternal conscious torment (ECT) hold that human beings, uniquely among earthly creatures, were made for endless…

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9. Case sectionS06Key Text

   Weeping, Gnashing of Teeth, and Outer Darkness

   …Jude reinforces the picture by saying the blackest darkness has been reserved for such people for ever: a permanent condition and a location, named together.…

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10. Video transcriptVideo transcript

    Why this question matters

    …Many unbelievers say, "How could a loving God send people to everlasting hell?" If that view is false, and is a barrier to the gospel, then we shouldn't be promoting it.…

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11. Case sectionS19Final Destiny

    Hell Is Not the Opposite of Heaven

    …heaven beyond imagining implies an opposite loss of comparable magnitude, and the result is a picture of two everlasting states, each as far from ordinary experience as the other.…

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12. Key passageKey passage

    Isaiah 66:15-24

    …On this reading the loathsome sight is a permanent condition, which requires something that permanently remains to be loathed.…

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13. Case sectionS10Biblical Language

    Can God Destroy Both Body and Soul?

    …On this reading, to destroy body and soul is to consign the whole person to a condition of everlasting loss. The word can carry that sense: to destroy something is often to ruin it, to render it fit for nothing,…

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14. Case sectionS18Biblical Pattern

    Physical Death as a Picture of Final Death

    …The second move on this page matters more. Defenders of eternal conscious torment (ECT) answer that death in Scripture means separation rather than cessation.…

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15. Case sectionP00Preface

    Why This Question Matters

    …These are the reasons the author thinks it does. Two terms recur. Eternal conscious torment (ECT) is the view that the unrighteous suffer consciously and without end.…

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16. AppendixAPP1Appendix

    How Our View of the Outcomes Shapes Our Assumptions

    Nothing on this page is an argument for conditional immortality (CI) or against eternal conscious torment (ECT). It proves nothing whatever about what Scripture teaches.…

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17. Key passageKey passage

    1 Corinthians 15:42-44

    …The source document reads verses 24 to 28 as Christ destroying his enemies rather than holding them in permanent subjugation. The source document argues that an inherently immortal soul is a Platonic idea rather than a…

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18. Language noteLanguage note

    apollumi (ἀπόλλυμι)

    …in Matthew 10:28 as ruin rather than cessation, so that God consigns the whole person to a condition of everlasting loss without ending their existence.…

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19. TopicTopic

    Universal Reconciliation

    …It is not the same claim as post-mortem conversion, although the two are often held together. Rejecting eternal conscious torment does not by itself commit anyone to universalism.…

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20. Case sectionS13Biblical Pattern

    What Fire Does in Scripture

    …Two positions are in view. Eternal conscious torment (ECT) holds that the unrighteous suffer consciously and without end.…

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