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1. Case sectionS05Key Text

   The Rich Man and Lazarus

   …It also says nothing in support of eternal conscious torment (ECT), the view that the lost suffer consciously without end, which is why it is worth…

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2. Case sectionS21Final Destiny

   The Tree of Life and Conditional Life

   …view that endless life is a gift given in Christ rather than a property every human being holds by nature. Eternal conscious torment (ECT) is the view that the finally unrighteous exist for ever in conscious suffering.…

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3. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   Introduction: thirty years of the traditional view

   For over 30 years of my Christian life, I was exclusively taught the traditional view of Hell: Eternal Conscious Torment where the unsaved get thrown into hell and suffer consciously forever.…

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4. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   Mark 9: undying worms and unquenchable fire

   …A connected passage, Daniel 12:2, talks about a resurrection to shame and everlasting contempt. Now, the word "shame" is probably better understood in our modern usage as "reproach", see Psalm…

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5. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   Revelation 14: the smoke of their torment

   …and it's always a complete destruction followed by smoke going up forever and ever as a sign of complete and permanent destruction not ongoing burning.…

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6. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   Revelation 20: the lake of fire and the second death

   …anyone's name was not found written in the Book of Life, he was thrown into the Lake of Fire." The argument Eternal Conscious Torment makes is that if the unrighteous are also thrown into the Lake of Fire, they share the same…

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7. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   Roadblock 2: does the image of God make us immortal?

   Eternal Conscious Torment the dominant view in the late 4th century.…

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8. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   The rich man and Lazarus

   Second Thessalonians 1 elaborates on what that punishment is: permanent destruction. Number five: The Rich Man and Lazarus.…

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9. Video transcriptVideo transcript

   Weeping, gnashing of teeth and outer darkness

   …"In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth." It would be odd if this signifies that he gets Eternal Conscious Torment whereas the other rejecters earlier in the story are destroyed and their city is burned.…

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10. Case sectionS27Further Reasoning

    “Better for Him If He Had Not Been Born”

    …If the saying were equally true of everyone finally lost, singling out Judas would be strange. On eternal conscious torment (ECT), the view that the finally unrighteous exist for ever in conscious suffering, it is…

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11. Key passageKey passage

    2 Peter 3:7-13

    …the reason the case gives for why the unrighteous are sustained at all before that day. Defenders of eternal conscious torment note that Peter is describing the dissolution of the present created order rather than the…

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12. PageAbout

    About

    about the author Phil Welch thirty five years eternal conscious torment November 2022 Preston Sprinkle skeptical persuaded open to correction

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13. Language noteLanguage note

    apo (ἀπό)

    2 Thessalonians 1:9 identifies the punishment as eternal destruction and then adds a phrase governed by this preposition: from the presence of the Lord and from the…

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14. TopicTopic

    Hades

    …Hades is not the English word hell, which does duty for Sheol, Hades and Gehenna at once. Hades is not permanent. It gives up its dead at the resurrection and is then destroyed.…

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15. TopicTopic

    Immortality

    …Immortality is not the same as eternal life, which includes quality and relationship as well as duration.…

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16. Key passageKey passage

    Luke 12:4-5

    …precedes the casting, then Gehenna is not being described as a place where the living are held. Defenders of eternal conscious torment read the killing here as the ordinary death of the body, the same death the persecutors can…

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17. Key passageKey passage

    Luke 16:19-31

    …suffering after death, so it does more work in popular argument than almost any other passage. Defenders of eternal conscious torment point out that Jesus depicts a man who is conscious, in pain, aware of his condition, able…

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18. Key passageKey passage

    Mark 9:42-48

    …one place where Jesus himself uses the language of an undying worm and an unquenchable fire. Defenders of eternal conscious torment read the doubled negative as deliberate.…

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19. Case sectionS15Biblical Pattern

    Patterns of Judgment in the Old Testament

    …The two positions in view are eternal conscious torment (ECT), that the unrighteous suffer consciously and without end, and conditional immortality…

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20. TopicTopic

    Punishment

    …the punishment is: an act of punishing that continues without end, or a sentence carried out whose result is permanent. Scripture repeatedly calibrates judgment by circumstance.…

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